The Reference Atlas of Research Peptides

Synthetic pentadecapeptide (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) derived from human gastric juice protein; modulates VEGFR2 internalization, FAK–paxillin adhesion signaling, and eNOS phosphorylation.

Enzymatically cleaved low-molecular-weight neuropeptide mixture (≤10 kDa) containing short neurotrophic fragments mimicking BDNF, GDNF, NGF, and CNTF signaling cascades.

Tetrasubstituted 29-residue GHRH(1-29) analog (D-Ala2, Gln8, Ala15, Leu27) resisting dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) cleavage while activating anterior pituitary GHRH receptors via Gs/cAMP signaling.

Synthetic cerebral cortex bioregulator peptide derived from Cortexin amino acid analysis; studied in models of sciatic nerve regeneration, cortical chromatin uncoiling, and oxidative stress protection.

Metabolically stabilized angiotensin IV analog; binds hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as an allosteric dimerization stabilizer, potentiating c-Met receptor phosphorylation and dendritic spinogenesis.

Amphiphilic nonapeptide (WAGGDASGE) originally isolated from cerebral venous blood; investigated for slow-wave delta EEG modulation and corticotropin (ACTH) stress-axis attenuation.

Synthetic pineal tetrapeptide modeled on Epithalamin extract; studied in somatic fibroblast cultures for hTERT telomerase subunit induction, telomere length maintenance, and pineal melatonin synthesis.

Naturally occurring human plasma tripeptide-copper(II) coordination complex (Gly-His-Lys · Cu(II)); regulates collagen I/III synthesis, MMP/TIMP metalloproteinase balance, and broad transcriptomic remodeling.

Synthetic hexapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist (D-Ala-D-2-Nal-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2); high-potency GHS-R1a probe used in diagnostic somatotroph reserve testing.

First-generation hexapeptide ghrelin mimetic activating pituitary GHS-R1a and myocardial CD36 scavenger receptors; foundational probe for studying orexigenic and somatotropic signaling.

Native hypothalamic decapeptide with an N-terminal pyroglutamyl ring; stimulates anterior pituitary gonadotroph LH and FSH synthesis when delivered in physiological pulses.

Methylated hexapeptide secretagogue (His-D-2-Me-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2); binds both pituitary GHS-R1a and cardiovascular CD36 receptors in ischemia-reperfusion models.

24-residue mitochondrial 16S rRNA peptide; binds cytosolic Bax and IGFBP-3 intracellularly to block mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization while engaging extracellular CNTFR/WSX-1/gp130 receptors.

Pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue (Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2); selective GHS-R1a agonist stimulating pulsatile somatotroph GH release without elevating ACTH, cortisol, or prolactin.

Conserved C-terminal decapeptide of the KISS1 gene product; endogenous ligand for GPR54 (KISS1R) on hypothalamic GnRH neurons driving upstream gonadotropin pulsatility.

C-terminal tripeptide of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (Lys-Pro-Val); transported intracellularly via PepT1 to inhibit IκBα degradation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation without pigmentary MC1R agonism.

Sole human cathelicidin-derived 37-residue cationic amphipathic α-helical peptide (LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES); disrupts bacterial membranes via toroidal pore formation and neutralizes LPS.

Cyclic lactam heptapeptide α-MSH analog with an Asp2–Lys7 bridge and D-Phe core; non-selective agonist across MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R coupled to Gs/cAMP signaling.

24-residue C-terminal E-domain splice peptide (YQPPSTNKNTKSQRRKGSTFEERK) generated from alternative splicing of the IGF1 transcript under mechanical strain; activates quiescent muscle satellite cells.

16-residue mitochondrial-encoded peptide (MT-RNR1); inhibits the folate-methionine cycle to accumulate endogenous AICAR, activating AMPK, skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation, and nuclear NRF2 target genes.

Peptidomimetic proline-containing dipeptide ester absorbed via intestinal PEPT1 and biotransformed into endogenous neuropeptide cyclo-L-prolylglycine; modulates AMPA currents and HIF-1α.

Magnocellular hypothalamic nonapeptide containing a 20-membered Cys1–Cys6 disulfide ring; activates Gq-coupled OXTR receptors in smooth muscle and central limbic social-recognition circuits.

Synthetic CNTF-derived neurotrophic peptide analog (Ac-DGGLAG-NH2); inhibits LIF/STAT3 signaling and GSK-3β activity to promote dentate gyrus neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.

Polyethylene glycol-conjugated derivative of the 24-residue MGF E-domain peptide; steric shielding reduces plasma protease clearance while retaining myoblast proliferation activity.

Synthetic CNS tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg); investigated in hypoxic and excitotoxic neuronal models for SOD/glutathione peroxidase upregulation, ERK1/2 modulation, and dendritic spine preservation.

Carboxylate C-terminal analog (-Lys-OH) of Melanotan 2; exhibits nanomolar agonist affinity at central MC4R and MC3R receptors activating hypothalamic paraventricular oxytocin-dopamine circuits.

Synthetic heptapeptide extending the endogenous immunomodulatory tetrapeptide tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) with a C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro tripeptide; modulates GABA-A allosteric binding and enkephalinase activity.

Synthetic heptapeptide analog of ACTH(4-10) devoid of steroidogenic activity; upregulates hippocampal and cortical BDNF/TrkB mRNA expression and modulates dopaminergic and serotonergic turnover.

Synthetic amidated 29-amino acid N-terminal domain of human GHRH; represents the minimal full-potency sequence activating anterior pituitary GHRH receptors via cAMP/PKA signaling.

Synthetic N-acetylated heptapeptide fragment corresponding to the active actin-binding domain (Ac-LKKTETQ, residues 17–23) of Thymosin Beta-4; modulates G-actin sequestration, endothelial cell migration, and tissue remodeling.

Full-length 44-residue human GHRH analog stabilized with an N-terminal trans-3-hexenoyl moiety conferring DPP-IV resistance; studied in visceral adipose tissue and hepatic lipid models.

Low-molecular-weight polypeptide complex extracted from mammalian thymus tissue containing short immunoregulatory peptides; studied for T-cell differentiation and thymic immune modulation.

28-residue N-terminally acetylated acidic polypeptide isolated from thymic fraction 5; engages dendritic cell TLR2/TLR9 (MyD88) pathways to drive CD4+/CD8+ T-cell maturation and IFN-γ secretion.

Endogenous 43-residue N-terminally acetylated polypeptide (Ac-SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSKLKKTETQEKNPLPSKETIEQEKQAGES); primary intracellular G-actin sequestering protein investigated in corneal and myocardial repair.

Position-6 D-Trp substituted GnRH superagonist with increased GnRHR binding affinity and peptidase resistance; induces initial gonadotropin flare followed by receptor downregulation.

Posterior pituitary disulfide nonapeptide differing from oxytocin at positions 3 (Phe) and 8 (Arg); activates vascular V1a, pituitary V1b, and renal collecting-duct V2 aquaporin-2 receptors.